Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth For Sale

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Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth | | Reviews

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Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth Reviews

Product Overview

In Mysteries of Terra Firma, James Lawrence Powell tells an engrossing three-part tale of how we came to understand the ground on which we walk, and how that ground holds the key to the greatest secrets of deep space and time. Naming his profound stories Time, Drift, and Chance, he tells of the three twentieth-century revolutions in thought that created the amazing science of Earth -- and of all planets to the edge of the universe.

The riddle that drove the first revolution is obvious and yet in 1904 remained impenetrable: how old is Earth? An encounter between the imperious Lord Kelvin and a New Zealand farm-boy-turned-physicist, Ernest Rutherford, set the stage for the solution and launched a golden century of geology. As a result, scientists learned that if the 4.5 billion years of geologic time were compressed into a single twenty-four-hour period, Homo sapiens would have arrived only in the last second. The geological Revolution of Time reveals how long the ground on which we walk has existed, and how briefly we have trod that ground.

In the early twentieth century, German meteorologist and polar explorer Alfred Wegener proposed a counterintuitive, heretical theory: that terra firma is not so firm; instead of being fixed in place, continents drift. In 1926, petroleum geologists convened in New York City to discuss Wegener's radical idea, where it was met with outrage and skepticism: "If we are to believe Wegener's hypothesis we must forget everything which has been learned in the last seventy years and start all over again," one attendee said. Forty years later, a new generation did exactly that. The Revolution of Drift, the second part of Powell's narrative, showed us how the ground on which we walk moves.

Throughout geologic time, meteorites have incessantly bombarded everything in the solar system. Far from serene and predictable, the planets are ruled by random violence on an unimaginable scale. Once a mountain-sized meteorite flew through space, struck the Earth, killed the dinosaurs and two-thirds of all species, and spared the small hamster-sized creature that happened to be our ancestor. The chance of that happening again is essentially zero. So, the final revolution in Powell's history of a golden century of geology is the Revolution of Chance. Simply put, this revolution in thought has transformed our understanding of how lucky we really are.

If we can learn so much from considering no more than the rocks beneath our feet, what will we learn when we begin walking on other planets? Mysteries of Terra Firma is both charming in its storytelling and staggering in its implications. Discovering the ground on which we stand is a fascinating journey into our past -- and our future.




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Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] For Sale

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Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] | | Reviews

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Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] Reviews

Product Overview

This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Consideration of eustatic and hydro-isostatic effects on late Quaternary sea levels in the tropical Pacific Ocean indicates that the configuration of modern atolls with emergent annular reef flats is a transient morphology not developed until post-mid-Holocene time. Annular atoll reefs, perched atop carbonate platforms which cap buried volcanic edifices, are underlain by 8-28 m of Holocene limestone disconformably overlying a substratum of last-interglacial or older limestone. Comparable thicknesses (9-23 m) of Holocene sediment are present beneath atoll lagoons that are uniformly <85 m deep. During glacio-eustatic drawdowns in global sea level by 120-125 m, carbonate platforms of modern atoll provinces rose abruptly from the sea as clusters of subaerial limestone plateaus flanked by steep cliffs. Modern analogues are provided by emergent atolls uplifted on the flexural arches of trench forebulges. Slow subsidence coupled with karstic erosion of emergent atolls during the last glaciation lowered the surfaces of last-interglacial reef edifices by the amounts needed to provide accommodation space for Holocene reef growth during the postglacial eustatic rise in sea level. Modern atoll reef caps began to grow after ~9 ka when rising Holocene sea level overtopped degraded remnants of interglacial reefs, but remained submerged until carbonate buildups approached sea level in mid-Holocene time (6-4 ka). Classic atoll morphology, with circlets of multiple islets dotting annular reefs, formed in combination with late Holocene hydro-isostatic drawdown in tropical Pacific sea level in response to equatorial ocean siphoning, a facet of global isostatic adjustment (GIA) to deglaciation. Early Holocene eustatic rise in sea level and late Holocene hydro-isostatic decline in sea level combined to produce a regionally variable mid-Holocene highstand in tropical Pacific sea level that stood 1.0-2.6 m above modern sea level. Cemented mid-Holocene paleoreef flats now stranded well above sea level serve as resistant foundations for non-migratory (pinned) islets that were not present along atoll rims until after the local crossover date, when ambient high-tide level first fell below mid-Holocene low-tide level. Existing atoll landforms have a time depth generally <1-2 ka.




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Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth For Sale

---

Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth | | Reviews

>>>Order Now at Amazon<<<

Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth Reviews

Product Overview

In Mysteries of Terra Firma, James Lawrence Powell tells an engrossing three-part tale of how we came to understand the ground on which we walk, and how that ground holds the key to the greatest secrets of deep space and time. Naming his profound stories Time, Drift, and Chance, he tells of the three twentieth-century revolutions in thought that created the amazing science of Earth -- and of all planets to the edge of the universe.

The riddle that drove the first revolution is obvious and yet in 1904 remained impenetrable: how old is Earth? An encounter between the imperious Lord Kelvin and a New Zealand farm-boy-turned-physicist, Ernest Rutherford, set the stage for the solution and launched a golden century of geology. As a result, scientists learned that if the 4.5 billion years of geologic time were compressed into a single twenty-four-hour period, Homo sapiens would have arrived only in the last second. The geological Revolution of Time reveals how long the ground on which we walk has existed, and how briefly we have trod that ground.

In the early twentieth century, German meteorologist and polar explorer Alfred Wegener proposed a counterintuitive, heretical theory: that terra firma is not so firm; instead of being fixed in place, continents drift. In 1926, petroleum geologists convened in New York City to discuss Wegener's radical idea, where it was met with outrage and skepticism: "If we are to believe Wegener's hypothesis we must forget everything which has been learned in the last seventy years and start all over again," one attendee said. Forty years later, a new generation did exactly that. The Revolution of Drift, the second part of Powell's narrative, showed us how the ground on which we walk moves.

Throughout geologic time, meteorites have incessantly bombarded everything in the solar system. Far from serene and predictable, the planets are ruled by random violence on an unimaginable scale. Once a mountain-sized meteorite flew through space, struck the Earth, killed the dinosaurs and two-thirds of all species, and spared the small hamster-sized creature that happened to be our ancestor. The chance of that happening again is essentially zero. So, the final revolution in Powell's history of a golden century of geology is the Revolution of Chance. Simply put, this revolution in thought has transformed our understanding of how lucky we really are.

If we can learn so much from considering no more than the rocks beneath our feet, what will we learn when we begin walking on other planets? Mysteries of Terra Firma is both charming in its storytelling and staggering in its implications. Discovering the ground on which we stand is a fascinating journey into our past -- and our future.




My Page is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com

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Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] For Sale

---

Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] | | Reviews

Product Overview

This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Consideration of eustatic and hydro-isostatic effects on late Quaternary sea levels in the tropical Pacific Ocean indicates that the configuration of modern atolls with emergent annular reef flats is a transient morphology not developed until post-mid-Holocene time. Annular atoll reefs, perched atop carbonate platforms which cap buried volcanic edifices, are underlain by 8-28 m of Holocene limestone disconformably overlying a substratum of last-interglacial or older limestone. Comparable thicknesses (9-23 m) of Holocene sediment are present beneath atoll lagoons that are uniformly <85 m deep. During glacio-eustatic drawdowns in global sea level by 120-125 m, carbonate platforms of modern atoll provinces rose abruptly from the sea as clusters of subaerial limestone plateaus flanked by steep cliffs. Modern analogues are provided by emergent atolls uplifted on the flexural arches of trench forebulges. Slow subsidence coupled with karstic erosion of emergent atolls during the last glaciation lowered the surfaces of last-interglacial reef edifices by the amounts needed to provide accommodation space for Holocene reef growth during the postglacial eustatic rise in sea level. Modern atoll reef caps began to grow after ~9 ka when rising Holocene sea level overtopped degraded remnants of interglacial reefs, but remained submerged until carbonate buildups approached sea level in mid-Holocene time (6-4 ka). Classic atoll morphology, with circlets of multiple islets dotting annular reefs, formed in combination with late Holocene hydro-isostatic drawdown in tropical Pacific sea level in response to equatorial ocean siphoning, a facet of global isostatic adjustment (GIA) to deglaciation. Early Holocene eustatic rise in sea level and late Holocene hydro-isostatic decline in sea level combined to produce a regionally variable mid-Holocene highstand in tropical Pacific sea level that stood 1.0-2.6 m above modern sea level. Cemented mid-Holocene paleoreef flats now stranded well above sea level serve as resistant foundations for non-migratory (pinned) islets that were not present along atoll rims until after the local crossover date, when ambient high-tide level first fell below mid-Holocene low-tide level. Existing atoll landforms have a time depth generally <1-2 ka.




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Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth For Sale

---

Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth | | Reviews

Product Overview

In Mysteries of Terra Firma, James Lawrence Powell tells an engrossing three-part tale of how we came to understand the ground on which we walk, and how that ground holds the key to the greatest secrets of deep space and time. Naming his profound stories Time, Drift, and Chance, he tells of the three twentieth-century revolutions in thought that created the amazing science of Earth -- and of all planets to the edge of the universe.

The riddle that drove the first revolution is obvious and yet in 1904 remained impenetrable: how old is Earth? An encounter between the imperious Lord Kelvin and a New Zealand farm-boy-turned-physicist, Ernest Rutherford, set the stage for the solution and launched a golden century of geology. As a result, scientists learned that if the 4.5 billion years of geologic time were compressed into a single twenty-four-hour period, Homo sapiens would have arrived only in the last second. The geological Revolution of Time reveals how long the ground on which we walk has existed, and how briefly we have trod that ground.

In the early twentieth century, German meteorologist and polar explorer Alfred Wegener proposed a counterintuitive, heretical theory: that terra firma is not so firm; instead of being fixed in place, continents drift. In 1926, petroleum geologists convened in New York City to discuss Wegener's radical idea, where it was met with outrage and skepticism: "If we are to believe Wegener's hypothesis we must forget everything which has been learned in the last seventy years and start all over again," one attendee said. Forty years later, a new generation did exactly that. The Revolution of Drift, the second part of Powell's narrative, showed us how the ground on which we walk moves.

Throughout geologic time, meteorites have incessantly bombarded everything in the solar system. Far from serene and predictable, the planets are ruled by random violence on an unimaginable scale. Once a mountain-sized meteorite flew through space, struck the Earth, killed the dinosaurs and two-thirds of all species, and spared the small hamster-sized creature that happened to be our ancestor. The chance of that happening again is essentially zero. So, the final revolution in Powell's history of a golden century of geology is the Revolution of Chance. Simply put, this revolution in thought has transformed our understanding of how lucky we really are.

If we can learn so much from considering no more than the rocks beneath our feet, what will we learn when we begin walking on other planets? Mysteries of Terra Firma is both charming in its storytelling and staggering in its implications. Discovering the ground on which we stand is a fascinating journey into our past -- and our future.




My Page is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com

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Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] For Sale

---

Impacts of eustasy and hydro-isostasy on the evolution and landforms of Pacific atolls [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology] | | Reviews

Product Overview

This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Consideration of eustatic and hydro-isostatic effects on late Quaternary sea levels in the tropical Pacific Ocean indicates that the configuration of modern atolls with emergent annular reef flats is a transient morphology not developed until post-mid-Holocene time. Annular atoll reefs, perched atop carbonate platforms which cap buried volcanic edifices, are underlain by 8-28 m of Holocene limestone disconformably overlying a substratum of last-interglacial or older limestone. Comparable thicknesses (9-23 m) of Holocene sediment are present beneath atoll lagoons that are uniformly <85 m deep. During glacio-eustatic drawdowns in global sea level by 120-125 m, carbonate platforms of modern atoll provinces rose abruptly from the sea as clusters of subaerial limestone plateaus flanked by steep cliffs. Modern analogues are provided by emergent atolls uplifted on the flexural arches of trench forebulges. Slow subsidence coupled with karstic erosion of emergent atolls during the last glaciation lowered the surfaces of last-interglacial reef edifices by the amounts needed to provide accommodation space for Holocene reef growth during the postglacial eustatic rise in sea level. Modern atoll reef caps began to grow after ~9 ka when rising Holocene sea level overtopped degraded remnants of interglacial reefs, but remained submerged until carbonate buildups approached sea level in mid-Holocene time (6-4 ka). Classic atoll morphology, with circlets of multiple islets dotting annular reefs, formed in combination with late Holocene hydro-isostatic drawdown in tropical Pacific sea level in response to equatorial ocean siphoning, a facet of global isostatic adjustment (GIA) to deglaciation. Early Holocene eustatic rise in sea level and late Holocene hydro-isostatic decline in sea level combined to produce a regionally variable mid-Holocene highstand in tropical Pacific sea level that stood 1.0-2.6 m above modern sea level. Cemented mid-Holocene paleoreef flats now stranded well above sea level serve as resistant foundations for non-migratory (pinned) islets that were not present along atoll rims until after the local crossover date, when ambient high-tide level first fell below mid-Holocene low-tide level. Existing atoll landforms have a time depth generally <1-2 ka.




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Precambrian continental freeboard and geological evolution: A time perspective [An article from: Earth Science Reviews] For Sale

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Precambrian continental freeboard and geological evolution: A time perspective [An article from: Earth Science Reviews] | | Reviews

Product Overview

This digital document is a journal article from Earth Science Reviews, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Continental crustal growth rates, crustal volumes/thicknesses, and continental freeboard are considered to be intimately related; however none are easy to quantify, least of all in the Precambrian. Additionally, crustal volumes/thicknesses and isostasy are related to changing mantle heat and the concomitant variation in thickness of ocean crust. Another set of variables would be the interaction of plate tectonics (and the onset of plate tectonics, a contentious issue in itself) and mantle plumes/superplumes. Further complication is provided by the ranges of freeboard elevations and eustatic sea level changes overlapping in scale, and sharing common genetic causes. The ''constant freeboard model'' suggests that the net results of the interaction of this complex set of variables has been that continental elevation relative to sea level, has remained essentially similar, on a global average basis, over much of geological time, assuming an essentially constant ocean volume since c. 3.8 Ga. Application of this model to the Precambrian geological record suggests that sigmoidal crustal growth rate models are probably the most reliable. A conundrum of the constant freeboard model would be that freeboard would tend to become lowered towards mean sea level for any specific craton over time; this ''freeboard-equilibrium'' would be interrupted for a particular craton by active geodynamic processes resulting from the interplay of plate tectonics and mantle thermal instabilities. In this paper we test the validity of this thesis of alternating approximate freeboard-equilibrium and active geodynamics, by examining the volcano-sedimentary record of a number of cratons: Kaapvaal, Singhbhum and Pilbara. For the Singhbhum craton (and bearing in mind its poor chronological data base), freeboard-equilibrium appears to have prevailed until c. 2.1 Ga, but for Kaapvaal and Pilbara, until c. 1.8 Ga, the geodynamic processes largely outweighed the tendency towards equilibrium, except for c. 200 My from c. 2.6 to 2.4 Ga when global sea level appears to have remained high and transgression was the norm. We thus tentatively add the plate tectonic cycle and mantle-thermal processes to the already complex association of concepts controlling continental freeboard over time.




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Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth For Sale

---

Mysteries of Terra Firma: The Age and Evolution of the Earth | | Reviews

Product Overview

In Mysteries of Terra Firma, James Lawrence Powell tells an engrossing three-part tale of how we came to understand the ground on which we walk, and how that ground holds the key to the greatest secrets of deep space and time. Naming his profound stories Time, Drift, and Chance, he tells of the three twentieth-century revolutions in thought that created the amazing science of Earth -- and of all planets to the edge of the universe.

The riddle that drove the first revolution is obvious and yet in 1904 remained impenetrable: how old is Earth? An encounter between the imperious Lord Kelvin and a New Zealand farm-boy-turned-physicist, Ernest Rutherford, set the stage for the solution and launched a golden century of geology. As a result, scientists learned that if the 4.5 billion years of geologic time were compressed into a single twenty-four-hour period, Homo sapiens would have arrived only in the last second. The geological Revolution of Time reveals how long the ground on which we walk has existed, and how briefly we have trod that ground.

In the early twentieth century, German meteorologist and polar explorer Alfred Wegener proposed a counterintuitive, heretical theory: that terra firma is not so firm; instead of being fixed in place, continents drift. In 1926, petroleum geologists convened in New York City to discuss Wegener's radical idea, where it was met with outrage and skepticism: "If we are to believe Wegener's hypothesis we must forget everything which has been learned in the last seventy years and start all over again," one attendee said. Forty years later, a new generation did exactly that. The Revolution of Drift, the second part of Powell's narrative, showed us how the ground on which we walk moves.

Throughout geologic time, meteorites have incessantly bombarded everything in the solar system. Far from serene and predictable, the planets are ruled by random violence on an unimaginable scale. Once a mountain-sized meteorite flew through space, struck the Earth, killed the dinosaurs and two-thirds of all species, and spared the small hamster-sized creature that happened to be our ancestor. The chance of that happening again is essentially zero. So, the final revolution in Powell's history of a golden century of geology is the Revolution of Chance. Simply put, this revolution in thought has transformed our understanding of how lucky we really are.

If we can learn so much from considering no more than the rocks beneath our feet, what will we learn when we begin walking on other planets? Mysteries of Terra Firma is both charming in its storytelling and staggering in its implications. Discovering the ground on which we stand is a fascinating journey into our past -- and our future.




My Page is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com

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